[font color="#FF4500"]hitherto[/font]
音标：/hɪðə'tuː/
英文释义：
You use hitherto to indicate that something was true up until the time you are talking about, although it may no longer be the case.
例句：
①Hitherto, the main emphasis has been on the need to resist aggression.
迄今为止，一直重点强调的是要抵抗侵略。
②The helicopter is the first in the world to be designed to serve three hitherto very distinct markets.
这款直升机是世界上首批为满足3个迄今为止完全不同的市场而设计的机型。
《经济学人》一篇关于外太空生物的文章《Come out, come out, wherever you are》也出现了这个表达：
[font color="#FF4500"]from hell[/font]
英英释义：
You can use from hell after a noun when you are emphasizing that something or someone is extremely unpleasant or evil.
例句：
①He's a child from hell.
②She is the bitch from hell .
拓展：
这里想补充几个与“hell”相关的短语：
①give sb hell 让某人受罪、呵斥、申斥
If you say that someone gives you hell, you are emphasizing that they shout at you very angrily because of something you have done wrong.
例如：
My father saw this in the newspaper and he gave me absolute hell.
另外，我们也在 my tears ricochet 那一篇中也提过这个表达：
All the hell you gave me?
你让我经历这么多苦难
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②like hell 非常、极其；绝不、不对
Some people use like hell to emphasize how strong an action or quality is.
例如：
It hurts like hell.
I missed her like hell.
③go to hell 吃苦; 很糟糕; 活见鬼;
If you tell someone to go to hell, you are angrily telling them to go away and leave you alone.
例如：
'Well, you can go to hell!' He swept out of the room.
