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熟词生义 | 1.explosive 2.count 3.refrain 4.province 5.fan

• 2021 年 05 月 26 日 • 翻译·译事随笔

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1.explosive

n.炸药;爆炸物[/scode]

英英释义:

An explosive is a substance or device that can cause an explosion.

例句:

There were traces of explosives in the bedroom.

卧室里有炸药的痕迹。

拓展:

对于“explosive”,我们最常见的意思是它作为形容词,表示“会爆炸的;能引起爆炸的 ”或者“(增长)爆炸性的,迅猛的

这里再补充一个它的熟词生义 ,作为形容词,形容人时还可以表示“易怒的;暴躁的

例如:

She was unpredictable, explosive , impulsive and easily distracted.

她难以捉摸,脾气暴躁,冲动鲁莽,容易分心。

short ”的中文意思也可以表示“暴躁的;易怒的【If you have a short temper, you get angry very easily.】

例如:

She is an awkward, self-conscious woman with a short temper.

她是一个脾气暴躁、笨拙又忸怩的女人。

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2.count

n.(被指控的)罪状,事项[/scode]

英英释义:

(law 律) a crime that sb is accused of committing.

例句:

①They were found guilty on all counts .

他们被判各项罪名成立。

②She appeared in court on three counts of fraud.

她因三项诈骗罪而出庭受审。

拓展:

这里补充一个常见短语:

at the last count 据最新消息

举个栗子:

At the last count , 400 people had agreed to join.

下面这道选择题也考到了该用法

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再补充两个:

count down (to) 倒计时 【to think about a future event with pleasure or excitement and count the minutes, days, etc. until it happens】

举个栗子:

She's already counting down to the big day.

她已经在对这一重大日子倒计时了。

count against sb (被)认为对某人不利 【to be considered or to consider sth as a disadvantage in sb】

举个栗子:

For that job her lack of experience may count against her.

她缺乏经验可能对她申请那份工作不利。

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3.refrain

n.反复说的话;老调[/scode]

英英释义:

A refrain is a comment or saying that people often repeat.

例句:

Rosa's constant refrain is that she doesn't have a life.

罗莎总是重复的一句话就是她没有像样的生活。

拓展:

关于“refrain”,其实还有一个熟词生义,表示“(歌曲的)叠句,副歌部分 ”【A refrain is a short, simple part of a song, which is repeated many times.】

举个栗子:

a refrain from an old song.

一首老歌的副歌部分

同时,关于“老套的”,tired 也可以表示“陈旧的;陈腐的

【If you describe something as tired, you are critical of it because you have heard it or seen it many times.】

比如:

I didn't want to hear another one of his tired excuses.

我不想听他的又一个老掉牙的借口。

同时,我刚好想起来最近背的一个同义词:hoary adj.古老的;陈旧的;老掉牙的【If you describe a problem or subject as hoary, you mean that it is old and familiar.】

举个栗子:

the hoary old myth that women are unpredictable.

“女人心,海底针”这种老一套的鬼话

这里补充一个更常见的表达:cliche /ˈkliːʃeɪ/【a phrase or idea that is boring because people use it a lot and it is no longer original】

举个栗子:

If it doesn't sound like too much of a cliché , our world is constantly changing, and it's changing quickly.

如果这听起来不太像陈词滥调的话,我们的世界一直在变化,而且变化很快。

Matt Haig的新书 The Midnight Library 也出现了这个表达:

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4.province

n.(兴趣、知识、责任的)范围,领域[/scode]

英英释义:

If you say that a subject or activity is a particular person's province, you mean that this person has a special interest in it, a special knowledge of it, or a special responsibility for it.

例句:

①Arvo avoided committing himself. 'I'm afraid that's not my province,' he replied.

阿尔沃不想作出承诺,“恐怕那不归我管,”他回答说。

②Industrial research is the province of the Department of Trade and Industry.

工业研究属贸易和工业部的职责范围。

拓展:

看到这个单词,我联想到一个意思相近的熟词生义:preserve n.专属工作;独占的活动领域 【If you say that a job or activity is the preserve of a particular person or group of people, you mean that they are the only ones who take part in it.】

举个栗子:

The conduct of foreign policy is largely the preserve of the president.

外交政策事宜主要由总统专门负责。

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5.fan

v.(故意)煽动,激发(恐惧、仇恨、热情等)[/scode]

英英释义:

If someone fans an emotion such as fear, hatred, or passion, they deliberately do things to make people feel the emotion more strongly.

例句:

He said students were fanning social unrest with their violent protests.

他说学生们的暴力抗议会煽动起社会动乱。

《新闻周刊》一篇题为 Arab Spring Reckoning 的文章也出现了这个表达:

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拓展:

同时再补充一个短语表达:fan out 四散;散开【If a group of people or things fan out, they move forwards away from a particular point in different directions.】

举个栗子:

Korontzis picked up his hand slowly and fanned out the cards one by one.

科龙奇斯慢慢抬起手,一张一张地把牌展开。

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