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1.duty
n.税[/scode]
英英释义:
Duties are taxes which you pay to the government on goods that you buy.
例句:
①They are pressing the Chancellor to reduce excise duty on beer.
他们正给总理施压,要求降低啤酒的消费税。
②Import duties still average 30%.
进口税的平均水平仍然在 30%。
拓展:
关于“duty”的这个意思还是比较常见的,下面这道专四题就考到了该用法:
除此之外,再拓展一个常见的短语表达:off/on duty 下班/上班;不值班/值班 【If someone such as a policeman or a nurse is off duty, they are not working. If someone is on duty, they are working.】
举个栗子:
I'm off duty .
我下班了。
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2.tower
v.(在能力、品质等方面)胜过,远远超过(其他)[/scode]
英英释义:
To be much better than others in ability, quality, etc.
例句:
She towers over other dancers of her generation.
她远远超过同时代的舞蹈演员。
拓展:
“tower”作为动词的意思其实比较好理解,除此之外,它作为动词,本义还可以表示“高于,超过(附近的人或物)”,常见搭配是 tower over / above sb / sth
我们来看两个例子:
The cliffs towered above them.
悬崖峭壁高耸于他们上方。
He towered over his classmates.
他的个儿比班里其他同学高出一大截。
这里再补充一个短语:
a tower of strength (在危难时)可依靠的人,主心骨,支柱 【If you refer to someone as a tower of strength, you appreciate them because they give you a lot of help, support, and encouragement when you have problems or are in a difficult situation.】
举个栗子:
Pat was a tower of strength to our whole family.
帕特是我们全家人的主心骨。
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3.reduce
v.迫使;使不得不(做);使只得[/scode]
英英释义:
If you say that someone is reduced to doing something, you mean that they have to do it, although it is unpleasant or embarrassing.
例句:
He was reduced to begging for a living.
他不得不以乞讨为生。
例句:
Romain Gary的小说 Promise at dawn 也出现了这个表达:
拓展:
大家可以看到,这个释义一般的搭配是“be reduced to doing something ”,这个考频很高,经常在完型填空中出现。除此之外,“reduce sb to tears ”使…落泪 也很常见【If someone or something reduces you to tears, they make you feel so unhappy that you cry.】
举个栗子:
The attentions of the media reduced her to tears.
媒体的关注把她弄哭了。
这里再补充两个常见的短语:in reduced circumstances 境况变差;生活拮据 【If you say that someone is living in reduced circumstances, you mean that they do not have as much money as they used to have.】
举个栗子:
They are the descendants of emperors and kings and are now living in reduced circumstances .
他们是帝王的后代,但是现在境况大不如前了。
reduces sb to silence 使…无言 【If someone or something reduces you to silence, they make you feel so upset or confused that you cannot speak.】
比如:
Her challenge reduced them to silence .
她的质问让他们哑口无言。
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4.close
adj.(竞争或选举)势均力敌的,难分高下的[/scode]
英英释义:
A close competition or election is won or seems likely to be won by only a small amount.
例句:
①It is still a close contest between two leading opposition parties.
这仍然是两大主要反对党之间一场势均力敌的较量。
②It's going to be very close .
结果会不相上下。
拓展:
这个释义很高频!我还记得之前高中在维克多词典上查“close”也有这个释义。而且这个意思挺好记忆的,“close”本身表示“近”,如果用在比赛或者选举中,就可以说“不相上下”。
当然“close”还有很多其他的意思,大家可以自己查阅词典,由于篇幅限制,就不展开啦~
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5.minute
v.将…记入会议记录**[/scode]
英英释义:
When someone minutes something that is discussed or decided at a meeting, they make a written record of it.
例句:
①You don't need to minute that.
②The board's decision was formally minuted .
③You'd better minute that point.
拓展:
这个释义其实也挺常见的,我之前有在一道选择题碰到,就考到了该释义。作为动词,它的发音是“/ˈmɪnət/ ”但是我找不到原题了emmm,所以大家也要记得这个意思哦~
除此之外,“minute”作为形容词,还可以表示“非常细小的;十分微小的 ”【If you say that something is minute, you mean that it is very small.】
举个栗子:
The party was planned in the minutest detail.
晚会策划极为详细。
再扩展一个同义表达“infinitesimal”, /ˌɪnfɪnɪ'tesɪm(ə)l/ 表示“极微小的;微不足道的”