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词汇积累 | 拓展两个高频外刊表达

• 2021 年 06 月 09 日 • 翻译·译事随笔

[scode type="blue"]default[/scode]

音标:

/dɪ'fɔːlt/

英英释义:

If a person, company, or country defaults on something that they have legally agreed to do, such as paying some money or doing a piece of work before a particular time, they fail to do it.【不履行;未支付】

例句:

①The credit card business is down, and more borrowers are defaulting on loans.

信用卡业务出现了下滑,而且越来越多的借款者都不按期还款。

②The first warning signals came in March when the company defaulted on its initial payment of £30 million.

第一次出现警示信号是在3月份,当时该公司未能按时交纳3,000万英镑的首期付款。

这是一个超级高频的表达,《新闻周刊》一篇题为 Student debt is a curse upon America's future. Biden must wipe it out 的文章出现了两次:

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同样,《新闻周刊》一篇题为 Biden's student loan forgiveness will make things worse 也出现了这个表达:

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除此之外,我们平时最常见的关于“default”的意思可能是作为形容词,表示“默认的 ”【A default situation is what exists or happens unless someone or something changes it.】

举个栗子:

default settings

默认设置

这里再补充两个关于“default”的短语:

by default (事情的发生)自动地(因可能阻止或改变结果之事未发生) 【If something happens by default, it happens only because something else which might have prevented it or changed it has not happened.】

举个栗子:

I would rather pay the individuals than let the money go to the State by default .

我宁愿把这些钱付给个人,也不愿它们因未作任何处置而自动地归国家所有。

in default of 因…未发生;因…不可能 【If something happens in default of something else, it happens because that other thing does not happen or proves to be impossible.】

举个栗子:

Malvolio becomes, in default of competition, the play's moral centre.

因为没有与其竞争者,马伏里奥自然成了该剧的道德核心。

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zoom in (on)

(摄像机或摄影机)拉近镜头,进行近景拍摄[/scode]

英英释义:

If a camera zooms in on something that is being filmed or photographed, it gives a close-up picture of it.

例句:

①The spotlight zoomed in on him.

聚光灯照在他身上。

②He trained his camera on nature, sometimes zooming in to examine single leaves.

他把自己的照相机对准了大自然,时而拉近镜头仔细观察一片片的叶子。

《科学美国人》一篇题为 In every bit of nothing, there is something 的文章也出现了这个表达:

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